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1) "Lithographic" -- As to lithographic 2lithograph Function: noun : a print made by lithography - lith·o·graph·ic /"li-th&-'gra-fik/ adjective - lith·o·graph·i·cal·ly /-fi-k(&-)lE/ adverb Pronunciation Symbols Lithography stone and mirror-image print of a map of Munich. Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface. It can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or another suitable material. It can also refer to photolithography, a microfabrication technique used to make integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems. Lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder in 1798. - 1 Printing
- 1.1 The principle
- 1.2 The chemical process
- 1.3 The early process
- 1.4 The modern process
- 2 Microlithography and nanolithography
- 3 Lithography as an artistic medium
- 4 See also
- 5 External links
| Lithography press for printing maps in Munich. Lithography refers to a printing process that uses chemical processes to create an image. For instance, the positive part of an image would be a hydrophobic chemical, while the negative image would be water. Thus, when the plate is introduced to a compatible ink and water mixture, the ink will adhere to the positive image and the water will clean the negative image. This allows for a relatively flat print plate which allows for much longer runs than the older physical methods of imaging (e.g., embossing or engraving). Lithography works because of the repulsion of oil and water. The image is drawn on the surface of the print plate with an oil-based medium (hydrophobic). The range of oil-based mediums is endless, but the dexterity of the image relies on the lipid content of the material being used--its ability to withstand water and acid. Following the placement of the image is the application of an acid emulsified with gum arabic. The function of this emulsion is to create a salt layer directly around the image area. The salt layer seeps into the pores of the stone, completely enveloping the original image. This process is c..."
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